ARTFL Encyclopédie - Robert Morrissey, General Editor; Glenn Roe, Assoc. Editor

1. Search Articles for: Type in a word or phrase and the search engine will return all occurrences of the word/phrase in the Encyclopédie. 

2. Limit your search by the following fields: This section helps you refine your search. For example, you may want to look for the word autorité (typed in the "Search Articles for" box) but with specific options or limitations. Note that you can combine different options. Let's go over the different search boxes and what options they offer:

• Headword: this is the title of an article. For example, if you are looking for the word “justice” in an article with the word politique in the headword, type justice in the “Search Articles for” box and then type politique in the “Headword” box and run the search. The results page will show you the different articles in which the word justice appears in an article with the word politique in the title.

  Search Operators and Headwords - Often, small headword searches (e.g., "eau") will return a large list of all headwords that contain that particular string of letters (e.g., "ANNEAU" "AGNEAU" "FAISCEAUX", etc.) to get around this issue you can limit headword searches using the following operators:
  
  • @eau@ for headwords that contain the word "eau"
  • @eau* gets words beginning with eau
  • ^eau headwords that begin with eau
  • ^eau$ only the headword(s) eau
  • eau$ headwords that end in eau
  • eau@ words that end in eau
  *Note: @xxx is now the default headword search on the Advanced Search page, to expand your query please check the "expanded headword search" box.

• Author: this search box allows to limit your search to a certain author. For instance, you can look for the word justice in articles written by d'Holbach by typing justice  in the "Search Articles for" box and "holbach" in the "Author" box.

• Classification: This box searches the classes of knowledge (disciplines or domains) the Encyclopédistes assigned to certain articles, such as "Géogr." in this example:

  ACRE, s. (Géogr.) Ptolémaïde, S. Jean d'Acre, ville d'Asie, qui appartient aux Turcs...

  This search field allows you to limit your search to a certain class or classes used in the Encyclopédie. Note that not all articles have a classification. So for example, you can search for all the articles which contain the word Italie and that are classified in the Encyclopédie as gEog. You would therefore type Italie in the "Search articles for" box and gEog (with the capital "E" catching any accents) in the "Classification" box.

• Normalized Classification: This is a normalized (orthographically speaking) version of the classifications used in the Encyclopédie. If in the text the classification appears as géogr, the normalized version will be géographie. You can therefore use this search box to limit your search of the word Italie to a normalized class such as astronomie. You would type Italie in the "Search articles for" box and then astronomie in the "Normalized Classification" box.

• English Classification: This is the translated version of the Normalized Classification. It works the same way except that you would type the class in English, like astronomy.

• Part of speech: This is the part of speech to which a word belongs. Therefore, you may want to look for the word Italie in articles where the headword is an adjective. You would then type adj in the "Part of speech"  box. You could also type s.f. for a feminine word, or s.m. for a masculine word.

• Type of entry: Here you may limit your searches by main articles (artm), sub-articles (arts), plate legends (plate_legend), and editorial matter (editorial).

  NOTE: By clicking the "Terms" button you can see all of the possibilities for any of the above metadata (Headword, Author, Classification, etc.)

3. Select a Search Option: This can allow you to search for two or more words and to specify how close they occur together in the text.

• By default, this is set to a « Single Term or Phrase Search » : this means that if you type autorité politique in the search box, the search engine will look for articles in which the expression autorité politique occurs.

• Proximity Searching: this allows you to decide whether you want your words to be in the same sentence, the same paragraph, or if you want to set the number of words which should separate your search terms.

4. Select a Results Format: This allows you to select how you want your search results to be displayed. You have the choice between five different options:

• Concordance Report: this is the option set be default. For each result, you will see 300 characters of the article which matched your search.

• KWIC Report: you will only see a single line of text for each search result. This can be useful if you only want a list of results, or to see many results at once.

• Frequency by Article Title: this will show you the frequency of occurrence for a word or expression in every article that matched your search.

• Collocation Table: The collocation table report provides users with a simple way of seeing the words with which the search terms most often co-occur.

• Line by Line (KWIC) Sorted by keyword and word: Here users can sort their KWIC reports by the keyword and the word immediately to its right or left. 

5. Browse Headwords Alphabetically: Users can browse all headwords alphabetically.